Multiplex Tetracycline Resistance

Tetracycline antibiotics including tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline represent broad-spectrum agents effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with widespread use in clinical medicine and animal agriculture. Tetracycline resistance emerges through multiple mechanisms including efflux pump-mediated resistance (tet genes encoding efflux transporters), ribosomal protection through tetracycline resistance proteins (TetM, TetO variants), enzymatic inactivation through tetracycline-inactivating monooxygenases (TetX), and reduced drug uptake through ribosomal mutations.