Bluetongue virus (BTV), an economically important orbivirus of the Reoviridae family, causes a haemorrhagic disease mainly in sheep and occasionally in cattle and some species of deer. BTV is transmitted to ruminants via certain species of biting midges (Culicoides spp.). Cattle are particularly significant in the epidemiology of the disease due to the prolonged viraemia in the absence of clinical disease. Clinical signs range from mild to severe and vary not only between species but between breeds and within the flock or herd.
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