Borrelia is a genus of spirochete-edge bacteria, characterized by its helical shape. Although spirochetes have always been considered Gram-negative due to the presence of a double membrane, large differences have been observed, both at the structural and molecular level, which separate them from the rest of Gram-negative bacteria.
The vectors associated with the transmission of these bacteria are the human louse, Pediculus humanus, and different tick species of the Ixodes and Ornithodoros genera. The Borrelia species of greatest clinical interest are B. burgdorferi, the main etiologic agent of Lyme disease, and B. recurrentis, responsible for recurrent fever transmitted by lice.
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