Some Clostridium perfringens strains produce an important toxin named Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), which is responsible for several human gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, including C. perfringens type A food poisoning and many cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), sporadic diarrhea (SD), and nosocomial diarrheal disease. Both chromosomal cpe and plasmid cpe C. perfringens type A strains can be found in retail foods, healthy human feces and the environment, such as in sewage. Intact cpe genes can also be found in some type C, D and E strains.
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