The genus Theileria comprises tick-transmitted sporozoan protozoa that are the causative agents of a variety of disease syndromes in domestic and wild ruminants, and are collectively responsible for economic losses amounting to hundreds of millions of dollars annually in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. There are six identified Theileria spp. that infects cattle; the two most pathogenic and economically important are T. parva and T. Annulata. Cattle can be infested with several species of tick and more than one species of Theileria can also be transmitted by the same tick.
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