Noroviruses (NoV) are a genetically diverse group of single-stranded positive-sense RNA, are non-enveloped with icosahedral geometries viruses belonging to the Caliciviridae family and the leading cause of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Transmission of NoVs is usually person to person, although food and water and environmental or airborne contamination have all been implicated in transmission. Human NoVs are genetically diverse, the commonly isolated in cases of acute gastroenteritis belong to two genogroups: genogroup I (GI) includes Norwalk virus, Desert Shield virus and Southampton virus; and II (GII), which includes Bristol virus, Lordsdale virus, Toronto virus, Mexico virus, Hawaii virus and Snow Mountain virus.
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