Multiplex Avian Influenza H9, H7, H5

Avian influenza viruses continue to be a major threat to global poultry production and human health, with specific hemagglutinin subtypes representing different risk profiles and transmission patterns. Subtype H5 includes highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) strains causing severe disease and high mortality in poultry, with zoonotic potential. H7 subtypes include both low pathogenic and occasionally highly pathogenic strains affecting poultry worldwide. H9 represents a low pathogenic subtype endemic in many Asian regions but capable of reassortment with other avian influenza viruses. The emergence of new reassortant viruses combining multiple subtypes creates ongoing surveillance challenges.