Bluetongue disease is caused by the bluetongue virus, an orbivirus of the Reoviridae family, 24 serotypes have been reported. The virus is transmitted to ruminants via certain species of biting midges (Culicoides spp.) and vector control is an important management measure to prevent the spread of this virus. The major symptoms of infection are high fever, excessive salivation, swelling of the face and tongue, and cyanosis of the tongue. Nasal symptoms are common, including nasal discharge and stertorous respiration.
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