African swine fever is a serious viral disease of pigs, endemic in Africa. The African swine fever virus (ASFV), a large, enveloped DNA virus that replicates primarily in cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system, is highly contagious, and can spread very rapidly in pig populations by direct or indirect contact. This virus can persist for long periods in pig products and the environment. ASFV isolates vary in virulence from highly pathogenic strains that cause near 100% mortality to low–virulence isolates that can be difficult to diagnose.
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