Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia is caused by ssRNA enveloped rhabdovirus, known as viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV). The virus infects blood cells (leucocytes), the endothelial cells of the blood capillaries, haematopoietic cells of the spleen, heart, nephron cells of the kidney, parenchyma of the brain and the pillar cells of the gills. Spread of the virus causes haemorrhage and impairment of osmoregulation. This is particularly severe in juvenile fish, especially during periods when water temperatures ranging between 4 – 14 °C.
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